Molecular, Chemical and Microscopic Analysis of Medicinal Plant (Cymbopogon distans) from Its Adulterants
Diana Kavidia Muyembe,
Dou Rong Kun,
Song Zhilei,
Fang Jin,
Xue Yuan,
Piao Yang,
Zou Jinjing,
Mao Can Quan
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2018
Pages:
35-47
Received:
28 March 2018
Accepted:
27 April 2018
Published:
21 May 2018
Abstract: Morphological resemblance among Cymbopogon distans species and their adulterants which are procured from different markets in the form of dried or fresh plant tissues represents a serious problem for quality and safety of medicinal plants, as it supports frauds for substitution. In order to assure the quality control of C. distans species, DNA barcode, microscopic identification and High Performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint were synergistically used to discriminate C. distans from its adulterants. In this work, the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) was chosen for distinguishing C. distans from their usual adulterants from 5 provinces of China. Sequences were obtained after removal of the 5.8S and 28S sections. A multiple sequence alignment was finalized. Results exhibited that ITS2 performed well, with 100% of genera being accurately distinguished. Additionally, finding indicates that the upper epidermis in leaf of C. distans was composed of one layer of wide elongated cells called Bulliform cells whereas in C. distans the upper epidermis consist of one layer cell, thus these feactures are very important for the anatomy identification. The HPLC fingerprint method was also developed, the similarities of 6 batches of C. distans samples were all more than 0.93, indicating that the samples from different geographical origins shared similar HPLC fingerprints. And the similarities between C. distans, C. citratus, C. flexuosus and Imperata cylindrica were all less than 0.93, suggesting that there was significance difference between C. distans and its adulterants. Finally, it was concluded that the DNA barcode, HPLC fingerprint and microscopic methods could effectively authenticate the quality of C. distans from their adulterants and can provide accurate and reliable information to tackle the complex quality issue of C. distans in markets. This is the first report of detailed analysis of the C. distans for effective quality and safety.
Abstract: Morphological resemblance among Cymbopogon distans species and their adulterants which are procured from different markets in the form of dried or fresh plant tissues represents a serious problem for quality and safety of medicinal plants, as it supports frauds for substitution. In order to assure the quality control of C. distans species, DNA barc...
Show More
Effect of Inoculum Density of Stromatinia cepivora on the Ability of Sclerotial Mycoparasites to Suppress White Rot in Garlic
Ibrahim Elshahawy,
Nehal Saied,
Farid Abd El Kareem,
Ahmed Morsy,
Mahmoud Hozien
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2018
Pages:
48-58
Received:
26 April 2018
Accepted:
15 May 2018
Published:
29 May 2018
Abstract: White rot, an garlic disease caused by the soil-borne fungus S. cepivora, is a serious problem of garlic productions in Egypt. This study examines the potential of controlling the disease biologically by using three sclerotial mycoparasites i.e., Chaetomium globosum (Chg6), Clonostachys rosea (Cr12) and Penicillium oxalicum (Po9) employed either alone or in combinations. In in vitro assays, these sclerotial mycoparasites showed high antagonistic effect against S. cepivora isolate (Sc8). In greenhouse experiments, the chemical treatment of tebuconazole was the most effective, with the lowest incidence of white rot in garlic compared to the control. Sclerotial mycoparasites either alone or in combinations significantly reduced the incidence of white rot in garlic. In general, dual and triple combinations of the sclerotial mycoparasites were more effective than these isolates used individually. In field experiments, under low (40 sclerotia/kg of soil) and high (600 sclerotia/kg of soil) inoculum levels, the standard fungicide programme gave statistically significant white rot control, decreasing disease incidence by 67.7 & 32.4% in 2016/2017 season and 72.6 & 31.1 % in 2017/2018 season, respectively. Under low inoculum levels, significant control, equal to the fungicide treatment, was achieved with the triple combination of three sclerotial mycoparasites. However, no sclerotial mycoparasites employed alone give significant control of garlic white rot under high inoculum levels. The triple combination of three sclerotial mycoparasites decreasing disease incidence by 70.8 & 25.9 % in 2016/2017 season and 73.7 &27.6 % in 2017/2018 season, under low and high inoculum levels, respectively. The activities of defense enzymes, i.e. peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and chitinase due to application of sclerotial mycoparasites were enhanced in garlic plants either grown under low or high inoculum levels. Reduction of white rot disease incidence was accompanied by increasing growth parameters and bulbs yield of garlic plants grown under field conditions. These results concluded that the performance of sclerotial mycoparasites may be influenced as much by the absolute disease pressure. At the low disease pressure site, the low level of S. cepivora inoculum enabled sclerotial mycoparasites to bring about disease control.
Abstract: White rot, an garlic disease caused by the soil-borne fungus S. cepivora, is a serious problem of garlic productions in Egypt. This study examines the potential of controlling the disease biologically by using three sclerotial mycoparasites i.e., Chaetomium globosum (Chg6), Clonostachys rosea (Cr12) and Penicillium oxalicum (Po9) employed either al...
Show More
